the difference is that hewill stand firm against it until the end, and he is not frightened by things which are are notirrisistable. Hence whoever stands firm against the right things and fears the right things,for the right end, in the right way, at the right time, and is correspondingly confident is thebrave person.(1115b 15-20) Aristotle then explains that a brave person aims at what is fine. What is fine to abrave person is bravery. Therefore the end is fine, since each thing is defined by its end. A brave person shows what bravery is by standing firm and through his actions. A brave person who goes to excess is one who is excessively fearless. They areexcessively confident about frightening things, making them rash. Sometimes this personmay be a boaster and a pretender to bravery. A rash person will act that they are fearlessand appear to have qualities of the brave person but they never stand firm against anythingfrightening. A rash person wishes for dangers to come, but when they do he cowers, but abrave person is eager in action and keeps quiet until then.A brave person that has deficiency is a coward. He fears the wrong things in thewrong way. He has a deficiency in confidence and he is afraid of everything, while thebrave person is hopeful which is one of the ends of confidence.Hence the coward, the rash person and the brave person are all concerned withthe same things, but have different states related to them; the others are excessive ordefective but the brave person has the intermediate and right state.(1115a 5-7)Aristotle then distinquieshes between some misconception of what most peopleassume bravery is, when in all actuality these are not genuine bravery; bravery of citizens,experience and expertise, emotion, hopefulness, ignorance. He says that citizens bravery comes first because they stand firm against dangerswith the aim to avoid legal problems or gaining honors. He also says the bravest seem tobe, th...
