that the latter may be less inclined than the former, to enter into a calculation of the costs and benefits of common action, because they believe that they occupy the moral high ground. The latter often constitutes a more serious threat, not because they are fundamentally malicious or brutish, but because they are certain that they are the custodians of the truth, therefore, they often become the greatest threat to peace and harmony in the commonwealth. For that very reason, Hobbes was clearly aware of this aspect of the human condition- human beings as active participants in civil society . Therefore he regarded this as one of the most serious practical problems, demanding resolution by those responsible for civil government, and the rule of law. Hobbes's principal claim is that any appeal to right reason comprises a completely inadequate basis for the resolution of disputes, because if disputes are about what the truth actually is, then any appeal to right reason or the truth is essentially inconclusive and, therefore, self-defeating. Ideally, concern for the truth or right reason should be accepted as a governing principle, but this will not resolve disputes, successfully or peacefully, in those circumstances in which people adopt entrenched and irreconcilable positions, because that is precisely the route to induce conflict and physical violence – the ' state of war, of all against all”' The truth and right reason do not bear clearly identifiable insignia, enabling them to be identified without ambiguity or uncertainty.Artificial right reason introduces a public level of judgment that takes precedence over judgments that are merely private in character. Hence, artificial right reason effectively avoids those problems which derive from, and have their source in, private judgments. Hobbes makes it quite clear that the decision-making procedure, that the arbitrator must be selected on a fair and reasonable basis and by ...
