above is considered a moral position. Dworkin says that a moral position can not be prejudice, it can not be emotional, and it can not be dependent on others. I think what Mr. Dworkin is saying is that a moral position can be different for everybody, but as long as it has justifying reasons and the belief of the person in it, then that is what his moral position is. 4. Discuss the differences between psychological and ethical egoism and the criticisms of each?Human beings as a whole only thrive to be "perfect" in an imperfect world. There must be some kind of method of moving up in the imperfect world competing against one another. That method or if I may, methodical way of thinking is perhaps known as egoism. Egoism is a characteristic which people display by showing desires for self-preservation, happiness, self-respect, to obtain property, self-assertion and affection. Egoism is broken down into two categories that are psychological and ethical egoism.Psychological Egoism is a form of thinking that people take through observation of others in society, which states that, we all act a certain way whether it be saving a life or to finish first in a race to further promote ourselves in society "subconsciously". An example of this would be a man stopping on the side of the road because he saw a hurt person, and he only stopped because he knew subconsciously that there might be some sort of reward, if you may, some kind of media exposure. According to Beauchamp "defenders of psychological egoism are not impressed by the exemplary lives of saints, heroes, and public servants or by social practices of sacrifice. They do not contend tat people always behave in an outwardly selfish manner. However, these egoists maintain that not matter how self-sacrificing a person's behavior may seem at times, the desire behind their actions is always selfish" (70). This belief allows us to justify all our actions that seem to be outrages because ...
