his paper on quanta. In a second paper, titled "The Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies," Einstein presented the special theory of relativity. In this paper, he showed how the theory demonstrated the relativity of time, a previously unimaginable idea. Einstein's name is most widely known for this theory. In 1944, a manuscript copy of Einstein's famous electrodynamics paper brought a pledge to invest $61/2 million in war bonds at an auction in Kansas City. The paper was later sent to the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. In a study published in 1905, Einstein showed the equivalence of mass and energy, expressed in the famous equation E equals m times c-squared. The third major paper of 1905 concerned Brownian motion, an irregular motion of microscopic particles suspended in a liquid or gas. It confirmed the atomic theory of matter. Einstein accomplished all this before he held any academic position. But in 1909, he became professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich in Switzerland. In 1911 and 1912, he occupied the same position at the German University in Prague. He returned in 1912 to a similar post at the Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich. Einstein was elected to the Prussian Academy of Sciences in Berlin in 1913. When he accepted the professorship of physics at the University of Berlin in 1914, he once more assumed German citizenship. The same year, he became director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Physical Institute in Berlin. In 1915, Einstein announced that he had developed a general theory of relativity based on his special theory. In his general theory, he attempted to express all laws of physics by covariant equations, or equations that have the same mathematical form regardless of the system of reference to which they are applied. The general theory was published in 1916. Einstein's general theory of relativity did not completely satisfy him because it did not include electromagnetism. Beginning in the late 1...
