services is critical as shadowy networks and complex corporaterelationships must be disentangled before any effective responses can beconsidered. Ultimately, profiteering in the midst of conflict cannot be stoppedentirely. As particular routes and networks are closed new ones are sure toopen. What can be done is to routinely disrupt established channels and therebyreduce profits. And it is here that globalization is of direct benefit. Forwhile the global transfer of money and resources creates opportunities forentrepreneurial warlords, it also increases international leverage over them.Economic sanctions and trade embargoes are one of the principal tools at thedisposal of the international community for ending conflict and maintainingpeace and security. However, sanctions are a form of economic warfare andeconomic warfare inevitably promotes economic crime. Fortunately, threeprominent trends evident in the evolution of sanctions policy will also help inaddressing the criminal activity that inevitably follows: an emphasis not onlyon the imposition but also on the enforcement of sanctions; a shift frombroad-based sanctions to specifically targeting key leaders; and finally,attention to restricting the actions of non-state actors. International effortsare required to restrict profiteering during war and to seize ill-gotten assets,and opportunities exist.A particular challenge for the international community is addressing the roleof the international private sector in war economies. Nevertheless, whereinternational trading networks are used by warlords to launder stolen resources,multinational corporations may share some of the responsibility for prolongingcivil wars. Several remedies are currently being pursued to some degree. One isto develop voluntary codes of conduct for companies engaged in commercialactivity in war zones, much as they have been developed for labor andenvironmental practices. A second option, raising the profile of co...
