entific principles. It also assumes that children are more likely to repeat behaviors or responses that are rewarded, and they are less likely to continue behaviors that are not reinforced. Eventually, the "reinforcers" are reduced so that the child can learn without them. The most well known form of Applied Behavior Analysis is called discrete trial instruction. Discrete trials are used to teach a variety of skills, such as eye contact, imitation, fine motor skills, academic skills and language. Students start with learning small skills and gradually learn more complicated skills as each smaller one is mastered. If a therapist is trying to teach imitation, for example, they may give a command, such as "Do this", while tapping the table. The child is then expected to tap the table. If the child succeeds they receive positive reinforcement, such as a snack, toy or praise. If the child fails, then the therapist may say, "No." The therapist then pauses before repeating the next trial ensuring that each trial is separate or discrete. If the child continues to respond incorrectly the therapist may also use a prompt such as helping the child tap the table.One drawback of Applied Behavior Analysis is that children in intensive home therapy programs may not have time to socialize with children their age. Also, some school districts do not pay for Applied Behavior Analysis, and it can be expensive for parents to fund.TEACCH is often less intensive than ABA in the preschool years. A TEACCH classroom is usually very structured with separate, defined areas for each task, such as individual work, group activities, and play. It relies heavily on visual learning, which is a strength for many children with autism and PDD. The children use schedules made up of pictures and/or words to order their day and to help them move smoothly between activities, since children with autism often find it difficult to make transitions between activities ...
