cales are as follows, organized in terms of five higher-order clusters: Analytical (Complexity, Breadth of Interest, Innovation, Tolerance), Extroverted (Sociability, Social Confidence, Energy Level), Emotional (Empathy, Anxiety, Cooperativeness), Opportunistic (Social Astuteness, Risk Taking), Dependable (Organization, Traditional Values, Responsibility). The statistical procedures employed in the construction of the JPI are among the most elaborate ever employed for a personality test. Starting with a very large item pool, two separate item analyses on separate samples were undertaken to further three general aims. First, it maximizes item content saturation in relation to desirability variance. Second, it maximizes scale reliabilities. Finally, it minimizes inter-scale redundancy.The items on the JPI-R are the same as those included in the original JPI. Accordingly, findings bearing on the JPI's psychometric properties are applicable to the JPI-R. From current college standardization samples and a sample of students from University of Rhode Island, the two college samples developed a median on internal consistency reliabilities. Both (Bentler's Theta) were identical to .78, which represented moderate reliability. Data on JPI validity include analyses of two multi-trait multi-method matrices employing adjective checklist (r= .66), self rating (r= .76), and peer ratings (r= .32) on empathy. Hundreds of correlations of JPI scales with a variety of criteria, ranging from occupational preferences to attitudes toward marijuana use, are reported in Jackson's (1994) manual.ProcedureThe study was administered with two different sessions in a lecture hall. Before participants received the BSRI and the JPI-R, they were given an informed consent form, which stated the purpose of the research. The informed consent also informed the participants that their participation was voluntary in the study, and they could refrain from answering an...
