e possible confounds were not accounted for.MaterialsSingle, 3mm wide, black lines drawn in the center of 8.5 x 11 in. white paper were used as the visual stimuli (see Appendices A, B, C). Increasing in increments of 5 cm, three lengths were used, ranging from 10cm-20cm. According to Kageyama et al. (1994), multiple line lengths will minimize the possibility of motor set effects from repeated identical length stimuli. These sheets were taped to a table in the below eye level condition (30cm from the body), and were held at a predetermined distance (30cm) from the body by the researcher, in the above eye level condition. The tactile stimuli consisted of nylon string (approx. width=3mm; approx. height=3mm) glued to 8.5 x 11 in white paper (see Appendix D). This paper was then attached to larger cardboard to provide rigidity in the above eye level condition. The tactile stimuli ranged from 10cm – 20cm with 5cm increments, identical to the visual stimuli.In all, four test conditions occurred, visual above eye level (VA), visual below eye level (VB), tactile above eye level (TA), and tactile below eye level (TB). In each condition, all three lengths were tested in a random order. Design and ProcedureThe current study is a mixed design, due to the calculation of results within subjects on different conditions (VA, VB, TA, TB), as well as between subjects (mean line bisection error and gender differences). The independent variables are thus, position and type of stimulus (VA, VB, TA, TB), and gender (male, female). The dependent variable is mean line bisection error.Each subject bisected 12 radial lines presented along the midsagittal plane. The visual and tactile above and below eye level stimuli were presented 30cm from the participants (following most other studies in this area, Geldmacher et al., 1994, Jeerakathil et al., 1994, Kageyama et al., 1994). The tactile stimuli were presented with the subject’s eyes close...
