sing greater ranges. Cattell (1978) was sceptical about the factors extracted from certain forms of attitude scales. He believed that factors extracted from scales containing duplicated items were unreliable because the items were often paraphrased and utilised more than once. He believed this meant that the items would obviously load on a specific factor therefore not giving a true indication of the other factors underlying the scale. Therefore, he suggested that paraphrases of other scale items should almost certainly not be included if a reliable scale was sought. It can be seen that there are many problems concerning scaling and they must be taken into account when developing a scale. In term of this study, further replication is necessary with new items included to refine the scale further. The presence of the ambiguous items poses a problem which Kline (1999) believed could only be resolved by their removal from the scale and the input of new items. Table 1 - Summary Scale and Item StatisticsMeanScale49.61Item3.10Inter-Item Correlation0.67Alpha0.9689Table 2 - Pearson's r results for Scale TOTAL1TOTAL2TOTAL1Pearson Correlation1.000.922 Sig. (2-tailed)..000 N5046TOTAL2Pearson Correlation.9221.000 Sig. (2-tailed).000. N4646Table 3 - Levenes Test for Equality of Variances Levene's Test for Equality of Variances FSig.TOTAL2Equal variances assumed2.090.155Table 3 - Independent samples t-test for criterion related validity t-test for Equality of Means tdfSig. (2-tailed)TOTAL2Equal variances assumed-11.33044.000 Equal variances not assumed-11.33039.892.000 Appendix 3Table1. Reasons for item removalItemReason 1The blockade was a great ideaIncreases Alpha3I support the recent fuel protestIncreases Alpha6Taxes are high to lower pollution caused by carsr * 0.67The protestors acted irresponsiblyIncreases Alpha8Petrol prices are high and damaging small businessesr * 0.69The presence of the farmers was justifiedSD Low10If the government ...
