he total score of the rest of the items by less than 0.5 it was deleted. Lastly, the effect that each item would have on the scale alpha if it was deleted was analysed, if the deletion of any item significantly increased the alpha then it was removed. The scale alpha being Cronbachs coefficient alpha which represents the mean reliability coefficient that could be obtained from all possible split-half tests of reliability. Items were removed until the number of items remaining totalled 20. The aim of this process was to refine the scale, resulting in a scale that would achieve a higher level of content validity, criterion-related validity and internal reliability than did the initial pilot scale. Results - Time OneA reliability analysis was performed on the results using SPSS and the following results were found.Table 1. Scale StatisticsMeanStd DevScale118.869634.3910As can be seen from Table 1, the scale mean is higher than one would expect, given that there were an even number of participants for and against the protests (Mean = 118.87). A scale mean of closer to 100 would be expected when the total possible score is 200 and the experimental groups should be achieving scores at opposite ends of the score range. Table 2. Item StatisticsMeanMinimumMaximumItem Means2.97172.10873.6522Inter-itemCorrelations.4245-.8298.8752Table 2 shows that the overall item mean is 2.97 which was expected, given that 3 was the neutral agreement score. 25 people agreeing and disagreeing should cancel out across all items to an average of 3. As can be seen from the minimum and maximum mean scores there are a number of items which lie outside the required range of 2.5 - 3.5. The mean inter-item correlation for the scale was 0.42 which indicates a low to moderate correlation, obviously, this is not ideal and implies that there are items which dont correlate very well with the others. This can be seen from the minimum and maximum inter-item correlations of -0.8...
