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Back to Subjects - Psychology

Psychology2

Psychology2 Psychology is the study of how human beings and animals sense, think, learn and know. Psychology is a science based on observations and theories. Modern psychology is the collecting of facts and turning them into psychological theories to explain people's behavior and sometimes to predict and influence their future behavior. Psychology, in the past, has been assumed to have clear sub-fields (headings). Although there are many differences between the different classifications of psychology, they are interrelated and frequently overlap. I will mainly be focusing on Environmental Psychology and Phobias although I will touch on other aspects of psychology. Many of the theories in social psychology can fundamentally be classified as balanced theories. "These relate to the problem, of both practical and theoretical importance," of how and why people change their attitudes. For example, if you hear a speech from a friend or someone you admire and trust you expect to hear things that you would agree with. If that is not the case, one of two likely outcomes can happen. Either the listener will lose some of the respect they originally had for the speaker or he will be overwhelmed by the trust he has in the speaker and change his own thoughts to adapt to the speaker's views. Thus, the listener will bring his attitudes toward the speaker and toward putting the ideas into balance. "People tend to try to balance, or reconcile, their own ideas with their actions. Social psychology also deals with mass behavior." Industrial Psychology is the study of behavior in the work place. Industrial psychologists can have many different jobs all associated with the work place. There jobs range from adapting the office to be more suitable and delightful for the workers, to deciding whether the employees should be hired (through testing and interviewing, in developing training programs), to maintaining good employee relations and communications. Environmental Psychology investigates the interrelationship between environments and human behavior. The environment play's remarkable roles in the way humans act. In Environmental Psychology the term "Environment" is used in a very broad way. It refers to the all that is natural as well as social settings, built environments, learning environments, and informational environments. I have decided to examine the way living in a world with no forests or parks would affects Humans. I have gathered quiet a lot of information form my own childhood. I will never forget the great role nature played in my life as a young child. So many of my childhood games took-place in trees. My family and I always would take walks in the forest. I was so captivated by the majestic forest. There was something that seemed to be magical about the forest when I was small. When I was young I believed that the source of all the animals was the forest. I absolutely loved animals so I automatically loved the forest. When I first heard about the forest being cut down I got extremely scared because I though that all the animals would die. Later when I learnt that oxygen comes from trees I got so scared that I thought I was going to die. If I were a child living in a world with no greenery I would feel terrible. I would hate to never be able to go for a walk in a forest or a park. We now have Zoos for animals. If the world's timberland and greenery were to start vanishing as rapidly as some of the endangered animals we would probably start having zoos for plants and even trees. The only problem with me giving my point of view is that I have grown up with the forest and greenery. I am sure that every one would love to have had the opportunity to live with forest and greenery but for someone who has never seen or lived with forest and greenery he or she would not miss it. It is the same for dodo birds and us. I would have loved to see a dodo bird but I can not miss it. When you think about it from our point of view it would be terrible not to have forest and greenery, but you can not miss something you have never experienced. The people of the future might really want to have lived with forest and greenery and they might even be mad at us for ruining everything, but I believe it can only go to a certain extent. Most of the people probably would not know there was something to miss. There are so many animals that are now extinct that we have never heard of. Some people even today have no care for the future of the animals and the world. Environmental Psychology is the study of human behavior according to the environment that surrounds him. From this study many believe that it is accurate enough to try and to predict what would happen if the environment changed. Once again this psychology is also based on observations and theories. What is a Phobia? Sometimes people misconstrue phobias with anxiety or conjoin the two problems together as a single state of being. Nonetheless, such assumptions are not valid. Phobias are unreasonable and persistent fears that focus on a specific object, animal, activity, or situation. They are produced in reaction to stress. Some phobias are common and well known, such as acrophobia - the fear of heights; claustrophobia - the fear of enclosed spaces; and hematophobia - the fear of blood. Other phobias are more obscure and; unusual. For example, people who are apprehensive of shadows suffer from sciophobia and are referred to as sciophobes. Individuals who fear various forms of machinery suffer from mechanophobia and those terrified of fish are ichthyophobes. Extreme fear of the devil is known as Satanophobia, and fear of ugliness is dysmorephobia. There is even a fear of going to bed-clinophobia. There have been many documented cases of phobias that are very rare. According to the American Psychiatric Association, at least 15 million people in the United States suffer from phobias of one kind or another. Of these people, as many as 1 million cannot function well enough to leave their own homes. Eventhough many of the fears may seem bizarre or even eccentric, we see from the very clear statistics, that it is important to take all phobias seriously, no matter how unimportant or weird it may appear at the moment. Normal avoidance behavior occurs when a person seeks to minimize possible disaster by staying away from potential danger. This behavior is natural. For instance, if people know that there have been assaults on a dark street in a violent neighborhood, they will avoid walking on that street. Similarly, reported sightings of sharks near a public beach will convince a majority of people to stay out of the water even if they themselves have not seen the sharks. For most people, avoidance behavior is simply a matter of thinking sensible precautions. Phobic people also practice avoidance. Similar to the case of Anne T., a claustrophobic does everything possible to stay away from closets, elevators, and other enclosed spaces. A person with aviophobia - fear of flying, practices avoidance by refusing to set foot on an airplane. According to doctors, avoidance is not a problem if the behavior succeeds in eliminating phobic reactions and does not significantly disrupt the person's life. However, with phobic people there is always the danger that avoidance behavior will increase. The person may became so obsessed with staying out of harm's way that fear begins to control his or her life. First, the subject avoids only those object s or situations that are directly related to a specific phobia. But little by little, the person perceives that other seemingly harmless situations might somehow lead to "dangerous" ones, so he or she beings to form a very elaborate pattern designed to stay as far from danger as possible. Finally, as one phobic person explained, " "You are a prisoner inside your own walls, cut off from everything and everyone on the outside." Not all phobias require treatment. Some can be ignored as long as the dreaded object or situation is avoided. Others may disappear on their own after a period of time, depending on the type of phobia and the person's age when it first appears. Yet some anxiety disorders can be so disruptive to a person's life that the sufferer should seek treatment as soon as he or she recognizes that there is a problem. Just as there are a number of different reasons behind the development of anxiety and phobias, there are many different approaches to treatment. However, doctors do not usually distinguish between phobias and anxiety when they treat a patient. Both conditions result from the same problem, fear. The goal of treatment is to deal with a patient's fear by finding out what is causing it and then trying to eliminate it. There is no single answer to the question of how to deal with fear-related problem. The symptoms and severity of the conditions vary so widely from person to person that therapists, psychiatrics. And other doctors usually prefer to use a variety of methods for treatment. A technique that works for one patient may not work for another and vice versa, so no single method has been proven better that the others. Bibliography:

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