investigators tend to refer to just ESP.In the last twenty or so years, there have been many studies into the existence of ESP. the main technique used, is the Ganzfeld (German for ‘whole field’) procedure, which was pioneered by Avant (1965). Avant, when researching Gestalt theory, isolated his subjects and placed them in a state of ‘semi-sensory deprivation’. It was Honorton, however who developed the technique for use in parapsychology, whilst trying to measure telepathy. The participant who would be acting as the receiver was placed in a reclining chair with halved, translucent ping-pong balls taped over their eyes and headphones, playing a continuous loop of ‘white noise’, are placed over the ears. A red floodlight directed toward their eyes ensures a uniform visual field (Honorton, 1977). The sender is placed in similar conditions, away from the receiver, and is presented with a visual stimulus of what must be sent. To aid concentration, each pair of subjects undergoes a series of relaxation exercises before the test.The main, and indeed, obvious, advantage of this technique, is that it removes the possible effects of external stimuli, which would undoubtedly be to the detriment of the experiment.This study will aim to look at two of the afore-mentioned main forms of ESP: telepathy; and clairvoyance, in the form of water dowsing.Water dowsing/detection is a skill that has both scientific and commercial value: some businesses employ ‘dowsers’ to help locate unmarked pipes or ducts. It has also been hailed as a universal skill; indeed, the American Society of Dowsers has claimed that “Everyone is born with the ability”. The major hypothesis this study will consider is whether or not all individuals are capable of ‘divining’ the location of water when given basic water dowsing ‘equipment’. A secondary hypothesis is that water dowsing abilities are pr...
