ty to suit inner needs. TURNING AGAINST THE SELF:- Unacceptable aggression towards others is expressed indirectly towards the self. In passive aggressive , hypochondriacal and depressive patients the aggression is turned inward and may terminate in suicide. ACTING OUT: Direct expression of an unconscious impulse in order to avoid awareness of the accompanying affect. SUBLIMATION : A healthy coping mechanism. The indirect expression of the instinct in a social acceptable manner without adverse consequences. COMMON DEFENSE STRUCTURES HYSTERIA: Denial ,Projection and Identification PARANOIA: Splitting and Projection DEPRESSION: Turning onto the self PHOBIA: Avoidance ,and Displacement of the affect REGRESSION is used in Conversion Hysteria and Eating Disorders. REVERSAL is manifested in Passive Aggressive and Dependant Personality Disorders. KLEINIAN DEFENSE MECHANISMS:- SPLITTING: Freud talked about splitting of the ego, but Melanie Klein considered Splitting as a defense mechanism. The positive and the negative fantasized relationships remain separate in consciousness with one alternative dissociated from the other. The child sees the Good Mother as Separate from the Bad Mother , the patient may see the Madonna as totally different and has nothing to do with the Prostitute. PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION: Part of self is projected into another to harm , control or possess him or her. The dissociated unacceptable parts of the self are projected onto the other then the person identifies with the other. ...
