ralists adapt Saussure's linguistic concepts and apply them to literature. Whereas words within the structure of language have meaning only in relation to other words surrounding them within that system, elements in literature are seen in the same relational terms -- especially in regard to binary oppositions. The meaning attached to each term or concept in an opposing pair is established not by looking outside of the system for a natural equivalent but by comparing/contrasting and/or analyzing the term within the system that contains it. This system is the langua within which certain concepts are defined according to paradigmatic rules and are viewed in terms of simultaneously existing syntagmatic or sequential rules. A general example would be that a certain genre is the langue, the conventions of the genre are the paradigmatic rules and the sequential occurrence of those conventions are the syntagmatic rules, and the specific text that fits into the rules of the langue is the parole. When viewed in these terms, it is clear how scientific and systematic structuralism is regarding the analysis of texts. Marxism:The first part outlines his ideas on history and a prediction on what is yet to come. He predicts a confrontation between the proletariat and the bourgeoisie, the working class and the higher class. Because of the main logic behind capitalism the bourgeoisie will seek more power and more wealth. With them doing this, the living conditions of the proletariat will decrease. Numbers of proletariat will increase as well as their political awareness, and will revolt against the bourgeoisie and will eventually win. In the second part Marx discusses the importance of Communism, and if private property is abolished, class distinctions will be as well. The second part also stresses the importance of the necessity of the proletariat and bourgeoisie being common and the level of class being the same. The third part critiques other social i...
