phone numbers. However, Simon (1974) found that there is a limit to chunk size with participants having a shorter memory span for larger chunks. Miller's (1956) study provides evidence for the long term memory as chunking relies on this memory structure in order to determine meaningfulness. Bower and Springston (1970) showed that participants recalled meaningful chunks better than meaningless groups.Coding differences also demonstrate the existence of different memory stores; i.e. short term memory is associated with acoustic coding whereas long term memory is associated with semantic coding. Baddeley (1966) showed that short term memory recall was poorer when word lists were acoustically similar whereas long term memory recall was worse when words were semantically similar and Conrad (1964) demonstrated that visually presented letters suffer from acoustic errors in immediate recall therefore they must be acoustically coded in the short term memory. Therefore differences in coding demonstrate separate memory structures in particular the short term and long term. Glanzer and Cunitz (1966) demonstrated the serial position effect, participants were asked to recall word lists, if this was done immediately there was a primacy and recency effect with both the short term and long term memory being involved. It was found that if there was a delay of ten seconds or more there was only a primacy effect - with the long term memory only being effected. This is relevant in that it shows the difference in long and short term memory; with primacy being due to the fact that the first items are more likely to have entered the long term memory and recency occurs because the last items in the list are still in the short term memory. The final area to be discussed in terms of empirical studies that provide evidence for separate stores is forgetting. Forgetting assumes that information that was stored in the short term or long term memory is now not availab...
