ality for all and refused to take up arms or swear allegiance. Hundreds were jailed. Fox wrote his 'Journal' and pamphlets supporting his beliefs while in prison. After Oliver Cromwell became ruler of England, Fox found a refuge at the home of Judge Fell, Cromwell's chancellor of the duchy of Lancaster. Fox died in London on Jan. 13, 1691. William Penn was another important contributer to the history of the Quakers. His province, or colony, of Pennsylvania (meaning "Penn's woods") had an area of more than 50,000 square miles. A Quaker, Penn welcomed to his colony members of all religious faiths and also those who had no religion. He gave it a democratic form of government, and he dealt fairly with the American Indians. William Penn was born on Oct. 14, 1644, in London. His father, Admiral Sir William Penn, was a wealthy man. As a child young Penn became interested in religion, but he rebelled against the Church of England, to which his father belonged. After two years at Christ Church College at Oxford University, he was expelled for being a nonconformist in religion. For the next few years he wavered between worldly attractions and a devotion to religious ideals. Then, influenced by the preaching of the Quaker leader Thomas Loe, he became a devout Quaker . Just like Fox he was jailed several times for his beliefs, he continued to write books and pamphlets. 'The Sandy Foundation Shaken' (1668) and 'No Cross, No Crown' (1669) are powerful statements of his beliefs. In 1670 his father died. Penn left the prison to be at his bedside. In 1672 Penn married. He traveled widely in Britain as well as all over Europe. He wrote the charter of liberties for the Jersey colony in America. In 1681 King Charles II granted him the province of Pennsylvania in repayment of a debt owed to Penn's father. It meant a new life for English Quakers. The Quakers were regarded as undesirable both in England and in the already-established American colonies...
