The Upanishads, religious writings that portrayed their search for knowledge and truth, speak of this rebirth:As a caterpillar, having reached the end of a blade of grass, takes hold of another blade, then draws its body from the first, so the Self, having reached the end of his body, takes hold of another body, then draws itself from the first. It is evident that around 2300 BCE, there was an active exchange of goods between the Aryans and the Mesopotamians, who resided approximately 1500 miles to the west. Bronze and copper were used to make tools and occasionally weapons. The Indian people used fired mud brick to fashion their dwellings and towering citadels that stretched up to 50 feet high defended their cities. These large structures compare greatly to the shrines of Sumeria, although they were erected for different purposes.Since the Aryan people were nomadic in nature, it took some time before they developed any form of written language. Sanskrit was, at first, strictly a spoken language for these people. It slowly progressed, though, to be one of India's major languages and contains many of the root words found in prominent modern languages such as English and Spanish. To be able to communicate without words like the Sumerians and Egyptians, the Indian people later formed a written form of Sanskrit that was the basis for the religious Vedas.It is evident that the civilizations of Sumeria, Egypt, and India had individual cultural and religious beliefs, technological advancements, and ways of communicating. This knowledge was developed independently as well as through exchanges between the societies. Around 3200 BCE, the Sumerian society emerged and began showing signs of a growing farming civilization. They worked together to live off of the land and developed cities and an organized government. A system of classes also grew into existence. The Sumerians religious beliefs were that of polytheism wherein their gods w...
