to accomplish such activities may look for other ways to fulfill this need. A cynic is defined in the American Heritage Dictionary, 3rd edition, as “a person who believes all people are motivated by selfishness.” Cynicism, therefore, allows an individual to feel that they are somehow “better” than others, because they themselves are not motivated by selfishness (of course). Politicians, for example, do not run for office because they intend to “serve the interests of society,” but because of their own selfish desire for power and notoriety. To solidify this notion, the misfortunes of others becomes a way in which an individual can see themselves from a higher, more virtuous plane – the spread of cynicism, however, is a necessary ingredient in this effort. It is a “we” and “they” mentality in which an individual can relate to others who recognize that “we” are indeed better than “they” are. Environmental stimuli are also important in spreading cynicism. An individual’s strong desire to feel accepted and to belong is an important element at this hierarchical level, and one that has been recognized in studies of group behavior. Angus, et. al. (1960: 296) explain that “groups can become reference points for the formation of attitudes and decisions about behavior…[with] a sense of norms and values attributed to a generalized ‘group’: these are the expectations concerning appropriate behavior for the ‘loyal’ Catholic or union member. It is the group standards that are psychologically real and are responsible for influence when it occurs.” This influence may result in specific action, or in the formation of specific beliefs and ideas, including those of a cynical nature. The authors note that influence is also exerted “in smaller, face-to-face ‘primary’ groups such as families, c...
