pecialized class of soldiers, adding guardians, controlling any false information (censoring), creating men and women equal, and balancing their education between philosophy and physical training. Finally, Socrates just city is built. Now that Socrates has built his just city he must now give his definition of justice. First he divides the human soul into three parts: the appetitive, the spirited and the rational. This all corresponds to the city: the rational part is compared with the wise rulers of the city, the spirited part to the aggressive auxiliaries, and the appetitive part to the desires for satisfactions found both within society and the individual. Plato illustrates his tri-partite psyche by picturing them as a charioteer with two horses. The horses are called Appetite and Spirit, while the charioteer is called Reason. Reason’s function is to hold the reins and steer the horses, leading them to where they should go and in what fashion they should proceed. The horses are to pull the chariot, acting as a “drive”. These drives are controlled by reason. “Appetite” stands for food, sex, money or anything you desire, “Spirit” stands for the spirited part of self, passion, and “Reason” stands for the rational part of the soul Now Socrates must define justice within the individual. Virtue is what one does well or one’s excellence, therefore there are three virtues in the stable state: wisdom, courage, and sophrosyne. The rulers possess wisdom; they have knowledge of the forms. “It is guardianship, and it is possessed by those rulers we just now call complete guardians” (Republic Book IV 428e). Wisdom is said to be god like, knowledge in the widest sense. Courage lies within the guardians, this is because they know what to fear and what not to. (…courage is a kind of preservation” (Republic Book IV 429c). Sophrosyne, moderation or self-control falls wi...
