of forming a proposal for a government's budget, including plans for both revenues and expentitures. Charismatic Authority: The ability to evoke allegiance and loyalty from citizens or subordinates by virture of of image, speaking ability and the ability to generate emotional responses. Chief Administrators: An individual who manages and coordinates the implementation of programs through administrative agencies; one of the primary roles of modern chief excutives. Coercive Authority: The authority of a leader enjoys by virture of possessing the power to force compliance with his or her demands. Coups D'Etat: An irregular, nonconstitutional removal of a head of state .Diplomacy: The communications and negotiations among national leaders regarding matters of foreign policy. Emergency Leadership: The (emergency) efforts by a chief executive to initiate, coordinate, and energize governmental activities in time of crisis.Legal Authority:The authority that a leader enjoys when he acts within the laws of a given nation. Representative Authority: The authority that a leader enjoys when it is percieved that he / she can claim "a mandate from the people". Symbolic Leader: A leader who serves as a unifiying symbol of the nation; a key function of modern chief executives.Traditional Authority: The authority that a leader derives from long standing beliefs, social and political traditions within a society. Chapter Nine Adversarial System: A legal system in which an independent judge hears arguments presented by two opposing sides before rendering a decision.Basic Law: A body of law that superceds other law; for example, the Constitution. If statutes contradict the basic law (Constitution) they fall by the way side! Civil Law: The body of law that is primarily concerned with compensation for injuries inflicted by other private parties; for example one person suing another for the phyiscal damage that arose from a car accident. Common Law: A...
