uralism. Modernism began around the turn of the nineteenth century, when science began to rear its ugly side. The renaissance saw the birth of science; a study that would further mankind's search for truth. The 1900s saw the first use use of science to eliminate life. This shockwave that hit most Western cultures (including a few Asian cultures) started a general distrust of science. The French filmmaker Godard was one of the first filmmakers that was truly a modernist. Godard used many tactics to reproach the science reliant society that had been growing for the past several centuries. The self-consciousness of Godard's films forbids the viewer from ever becoming completely sutured into the narrative (Aumont, p. 220). It is as if Godard is constantly reminding the viewer that film is nothing more than a construct of mankind, twenty-four frames of static motion per second. Soon after the modernist movement began cultures around the world started to question why it was that they had adapted a new form of living; curious if it had been a choice or an imposition. While not all countries, such as the Philippines, China, Columbia, etc had experienced an industrial revolution, most countries of the "First" world had. At the same time that the modernist movement was ceasing to exist, roughly the mid-twentieth century, the Frankfurt school was beginning to publish their theories on the culture industry (Storey, p. 105). The ideas that the Frankfurt school were publishing at the time relied heavily on the Marxist metanarratives that had been developed by earlier Marxists. Concepts such as the base and the super structure, the forces of production and the relations of production, and use value were used to open the door for the culture industry. Theodor Adorno was the Marxist who coined the term Culture Industry. Adorno believed that this 'industry' discouraged the masses from thinking about the future, and consequently chained the...
