evelopment. A critical factor in all previous liberation movementshad been the problem of competing tribal loyalties. Each group that formed had a different leader, who opposed otherprior and contemporary leaders. While the ZNLA had reduced division to some extent, it continued to be problem. The frontline states acted as mediators to help the blacks in Zimbabwe attain unity. The Lusaka Conference, held inZambia, brought together many black leaders, particularly Nucomo, Stole, Tgroma, and Musarawa. Greatersolidarity was attained at this conference, though it was not sufficient to resolve all the tribal and political conflictsamong the blacks.Beyond attaining black unity, the primary goal of the Front for the Liberation of Zimbabwe was to change theRhodesia's constitution, established by Ian Smith in 1969 to control the blacks. The frontline states wanted to install aone person-one vote system, in which both blacks and whites could vote (therefore giving blacks an overwhelmingmajority). In 1975, Brolimo won the revolution in Mozambique, which then became a front for the incursion of guerilla warfareinto Rhodesia--at that time being called Zimbabwe by the blacks, and Rhodesia by the whites. So political effortstowards unity coincided with continued guerilla tactics against the whites. The question of whether or not the blacksshould use guerilla violence proved to be especially divisive. Nucomo and Mugabe paired off against Musarawa toform the unified ZAPU/ZANU patriotic front. The unity, supported by the leaders of Zambia and Tanzania, broughttogether both the guerilla movement and the political movement. Musarawa was excluded from this coalition becausehe was against the use of violence and guerilla warfare and hence did not have the support of the military unit. Theother leaders were in favor of violence however, because, they reasoned there would be no political settlement unlessthere was a military involvement. They felt that military...
