ved the way also for separation of church and state. The more intangible results of the Revolution were embodied in its watchwords, “Liberty, Equality, Fraternity.” These ideals became the platform of liberal reforms in France and Europe in the 19th century and remain the present-day passwords of democracy. Revisionist historians, however, attribute to the Revolution less laudable effects, such as the rise of the highly centralized (often totalitarian) state and mass warfare involving total wars of nations-in-arms. Bibliography Edmund Burke (1729–97), Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), of the aftermath of the French Revolution. Sydney Smith (1771–1845), The Smith of Smiths, ch. 11 (1934), of the French. Charles James Fox (1749–1806), Letter, 30 July 1789, on the fall of the Bastille. Margaret Thatcher (b. 1925), Daily Telegraph (London, 12 July 1989) Pierre Boulez (b. 1925), Guardian (London, 13 Jan. 1989), on the bicentenary celebrations of the French revolution. Albert Camus (1913–60), The Rebel, pt. 4 (1951; tr. 1953). William Blake (1757–1827), Letter, 24 Oct. 1910, to George Cumberland (repr. in Complete Writings, ed. by Geoffrey Keynes, 1957)....
