s become an oak, deep-rooted and widespread;technique has been revolutionized. But in structure and organization there is nofundamental change.” (TFIR pg. 103)All of this made iron and steel more common thanever before and soon large factories were popping up all over the English countryside. Improvements in transportation stimulated the course of the Industrial Revolution. Products, raw materials, food and people needed a reliable, quicker and less costly systemof transportation. In England canals and rivers had long been used as a popular means ofinternal transportation. In the mid eighteenth century the first construction of canalsbetween industrial districts began.. However, canals days were numbered with the comingof the railroad. The principles of rail transportation were in already in use by the late1700s. Tramways, using cast iron rails were being used in many coal mines in England,they were the precusers to railway transportation. A number of people were involved inthe development of railroads in England. Between 1804 and 1820 we find a few attemptsthat can be concluded as partially successful. For example: Richard Trevithick’s “NewCastle”, a steam driven locomotive that proved to be too heavy for the rails, JohnBlenkinsop’s locomotive, which employed a radical toothed, gear like wheel, and WilliamHedley’s “Puffing Billy”, which soon came to be used for hauling coal wagons from themines. George Stephenson was a pioneer that bears mentioning. He was invited by theStockton and Darlington Railway to build a railway between the two cities. This linebecame the first public railroad to use locomotive traction and to carry passengers as wellas material. Soon, however, the line became to unprofitable to maintain and was closed.Railroads became the dominate mode of transportation in England, “...in the seven years1831-7 between 400 and 500 miles of railway were opened to tr...
