’s Machinery Hall, individual leather makers crafted horse saddles, completing one very two days; at the Panama-Pacific Exposition, industrial laborers working on an assembly line built a new ford every half hour. In 1893 electricity contended with steam as the dominant energy source only to be challenged by oil in 1915. Queen Anne houses yielded to California bungalows as the nation’s residential ideal. Perhaps most significant of these changes was a transformed middle-class culture, expanded by increasing bureaucratization, fueled by consumer abundance, promulgated by communications technology, and motivated to hold power without property and to maintain hegemony with education and expertise (Balkin 32)....
