10.Environmental Schemes: The overbilling and fraudulent practices exercised by corporations which purport to clean up the environment. 11.Extortion: Occurs when one person illegally obtains property from another by actual or threatened force, fear, or violence, or under cover of official right. 12.Forgery: When a person passes a false or worthless instrument such as a check or counterfeit security with the intent to defraud or injure the recipient. 2. For some, WHITE COLLAR CRIME is not viewed as a "crime" at all, because of its non-violent nature. Violent crime has an immediate and observable impact on its victim which raises the ire of the public, whereas WHITE COLLAR CRIME frequently goes undetected or isviewed as a bending of the rules. Yet WHITE COLLAR CRIME can create the greater havoc. The victim of an assault will recover, however, the impact of a fraud can last a lifetime. This is especially true when the elderly are victimized, as they have little or no hope of re-establishingthemselves in financial terms. 3. Contrary to the popular belief, White Collar criminals are thieves and the methods used to conceal their offenses are both artful and ingenious. Concealment of the crime is always an objective of the offender, and it becomes an element of the crime itself. Because it is an artfulform of deceit which is skilfully disguised , the investigation itself is often long and laborious as far as proving criminal intent is concerned. The offence itself may be disguised in a maze of legitimate transactions, which are quite proper if viewed in isolation, however, the cumulativeeffect is the commission of a criminal offence. From the standpoint of the criminal, the ideal white collar crime is one that will never be recognized or detected as a criminal act. 4. The distinguishing characteristic of such investigations is the requirement for the investigator to establish criminal intent and the underlying motives ...
