ngol Empire, was never a part China. From the day Genghis khan founded the Great Mongol Empire in 1206 to the death of the last Grand Khan of the Mongols---Ligdan Khan in 1634, the Mongol nation had been an independent state for more than 400 years. During the Ming Dynasty of China, there were many wars between the Mongols and the Chinese trying to rule over each other, but China's dominance had never reached beyond the Great Wall. During the Ming dynasty, fearing the Mongol's invasion, China took great efforts to rebuild the Chinese ancient fortification ---the " Ten thousand miles of Great Wall." The Mongol Empire lasted outside of the Great Wall until the Jorchid (later known as Manchu) people took over Inner Mongolia in 1634. During the Manchu rule, the Mongols never gave up their efforts to get rid of the Manchu domination in order to reestablish an independent Mongolia. Galdan Boshogtu (1645-1697) of Dzungar Mongol once succeeded to unite all the Dzungar Mongols (or western Mongols) and the Khalkha Mongols (Outer Mongols) and almost seized Peking, the Capital of the Manchu Empire. In 1644, the Manchu people succeeded in controlling China and Emperor Shuen-chih (or Shun-Zhi) proclaimed the Great Ching Empire (Tai Ching). The Chinese didn't have their own state or government, and China, just like Mongolia, was a part of the Empire established by the Manchu people. In 1911, following the collapse of the Manchu Empire, there was a greatchance for Mongols to be a united independent state once again. However, the Chinese warlords, who took the advantage of the Mongol nation's weakness at that time, tried to take the Mongols under their rule. After 10 years of strife, Outer Mongolia proclaimed their independence in 1921 as the People's Republic of Mongolia. But Inner Mongolia, a major part of the Mongol land, was under the Chinese warlords' tight control. Since China's takeover of Inner Mongolia, millions of peasants were settled to In...
