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Science
Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein Albert Einstein’s striking theories made him a captivating scientist from the early 1920’s into the 1940’s. Many believe he fabricated the most significant scientific discoveries of the 20th century. Albert Einstein was born in Germany on March 14, 1879, into a small Jewish family. He had an estranged childhood, and surprisingly, he never spoke until he was three years old. Einstein was one of those kids who couldn’t stand the boring teachings of school, although, he was unbelievably bright. He taught himself Euclidean geometry at age twelve.(www.groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/) He grew up primarily in Munich, Germany, where his family owned a shop that manufactured electrical devices. When repeated business failure struck his family business they were forced to move to Milan, Italy, to start over. He used this as an excuse to quit school. His family business failed again in Milan. At this point, Einstein decided he would have to make his own way in life. He decided to finish school in Arrau, Switzerland.(Encarta ’96) He even wrote one of his essays on his future plans:(which he only got a little over half marks for) "If I were to have good fortune to pass my examinations, I would go to Zurich. I would stay there for four years in order to study mathematics and physics. I imagine myself becoming a teacher in those branches of natural sciences, choosing my theoretical part of them. Here are the reasons which lead me to this plan. Above all, it is my disposition for abstract and mathematical thought, and my lack of imagination and practical ability." (www.groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/) Soon after, he entered the Swiss National Polytechnic in Zürich. He hated the teaching methods there and often skipped class to play his violin or to study physics on his own. He graduated by studying a friend’s notes to pass the final exams. Irritated by his small attention span, his teachers wouldn’t give him recommendations for university positions as a professor. Around this time he wrote, "I have given up the ambition to get to a university…"(www.groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/) So he got off for the next two years as a tutor and a substitute teacher. (Encarta ’96) Then, in 1902 he acquired a job as an examiner at the Swiss patent office in Bern. In 1903 he married Mileve Mirac, who was his classmate at the polytechnic. They had two sons and later divorced. (Encarta ’96) In 1905 Einstein received his doctorate from the University of Zürich for his theoretical dissertion on the dimensions of molecules and the central importance of the development of 20th century physics. Then, he created his most famous theory, The Theory of Relativity, in 1916. As soon as it was published, his fame spread worldwide. He followed with many more theories. Later, he was presented with the Nobel Prize, not for his Theory of Relativity, but for his 1905 work on the photoelectric effect. He even had the element Einsteinium named after him. (www.groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/) During the 1930’s, as soon as Hitler came to power, he fled to Princeton, New Jersey. Einstein was a very strong supporter of Zionism and Pacifism. He often expressed his beliefs publicly, throughout the war. He believed, " So long as they don’t get violent, I want to let everyone say what they wish, for I myself have always said exactly what pleased me."(www.humboldt1.com/) He had very strong social views including his push for the United States’ intellectuals to sacrifice anything to preserve political freedom. Einstein’s efforts for social causes often seemed unrealistic, but they were always thought out as carefully as his scientific theories. (Encarta ’96) Though he loved to express his social views, science always came first for him, because he said, " Only the discovery of the nature of the universe will have lasting meaning." (www.humboldt1.com/) Albert Einstein died April 18, 1955 at Princeton, NJ. He may have died, but his ideas and theories weren’t forgotten. The greatness of his intelligence surpassed that of nearly every man that ever walked the face of the earth. Bibliography: Bibliography "Albert Einstein" www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/mathematicians/einstein.html "Albert Einstein Quotes" www.humboldt1.com/ "Albert Einstein: And the Frontiers of Physics" By Jeremy Bernstein New York: Oxford University Press, c1996 92 EIN "My Encounters—as a Physcist—with Mathematics." Roman Jackin Physics Today Feb. 1996 pages 28-31 Encarta Encyclopedia 1996 "Albert Einstein"
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