s. After World War II had ended Alan began to work for the National Physical Laboratory, where he continued his research under digital computers. It is here that he published a paper he had written called the "Intelligent Machinery." This was one of the first times the concept of AI was established, or artificial intelligence. In his mind there was nothing the human mind could do that a well-designed computer could not. In 1950 Turing wrote a paper describing what is now known as Turing Test. The Turing Test consisted of a person asking questions to another person via keyboard, much like we do every night that we go on our home computers an open American Online. He believed that if after a reasonable amount of time went by and the person could not tell the computer apart from the person the machine was somewhat intelligent. This test has become the backbone behind AI. The 1987 edition of the Oxford Companion to the Mind describes the Turing test as "the best test we have for confirming the presence of intelligence in a machine." After Alan Turings studies at the National Physical Laboratory he moved on to the University of Manchester. It is here that Turing worked on the Manchester Automatic Digital Machine (MADAM). Turing dedicated the rest of his later life to developing algorithms and programs for the MADAM. He worked on creating an operating manual for the MADAM and became on of the main user for the MADAM. Beside the fact Turing was a dedicated mathematician he also published a paper in the field of biology entitled, The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis in 1952. In this paper he asked the question; why does a living thing take its shape? He concluded in saying Instead of asking why a certain arrangement of leaves is especially advantageous to a plant, he tried to show that it was a natural consequence of the process by which the leaves are produced." He saw this as just another algorithm, or simple set of steps. In t...
