rate was then subtracted from the exercise pulse rate and recorded. The difference from reclining systolic and rising systolic was calculated and recorded. Each of the results received a numerical value from the chart corresponding to in the lab manual. Effects of Drugs on the Frog Heart The materials for the computer simulated experiment was an IBM personal computer that had the Virtual Physiology Lab CD installed onto the hard drive. For this experiment the frog was virtually prepared. A probe was inserted into the foramen magnum into the skull and then into the spinal cord. The skin of the frog was cut down Cardiac Physiology 7the mid-thorax area. The body cavity was then exposed by further cutting through which exposed the sternum. Peeling this back exposed the frogs heart. The frogs heart was then connected to a virtual physiograph to record its contractions. The frogs normal heart contractions were recorded. The heart was then rinsed thoroughly with Ringers solution. Each drug was placed on the heart in the following concentrations: 2.0% calcium chloride, 2.0% digitalis, 2.5% pilocarpine, 5.0% atropine, 2.0% potassium chloride, an epinephrine solution, an caffeine solution, and 0.2% nicotine. Between each drug, the heart was washed thoroughly with Ringers solution before the next drug was applied. The results were recorded. RESULTSFigure 1 shows the normal electrocardiogram wave for a human. It consists of the P, QRS, and T wave. Figure 2 illustrates the electrocardiogram of the frogs heart under various drug conditions. Table I is the simple beats per minute of a subject along with how fast it travels. These values are 88.8 BPM and 4.4 ft/sec (3.03 mi/hr) respectively. Table II represents blood pressure. It is shown that no trend exists throughout the various conditions. Table III exhibits a trend in the fact that upon exercising, pulse rate increased. Also, traveling from a seated to standing positions ...
