ausewitz, p.596-597) In popular uprisings (Clausewitz, p.596), leaders and public opinion should be overcome (presumably by military force).Sun Tzus ApproachIn contrast to Clausewitzs systematic, empirical approach, Sun Tzu utilizes less overt, more general means in explaining what he believes to be the critical strategic objectives. While Clausewitz utilizes detailed explanations of his theories, Sun Tzu merely states his as conclusions one can accept or refute. For the Chinese theorists view of war (as shown in the title of his work), is that of an art, complex and varied in nature as well as in execution. (Handel, p. 28) To Sun Tzu, In the art of war, there are no fixed rules. (Sun Tzu, p. 93) Conflict involves both peace and war, both of which are difficult to distinguish from each other. (Handel, p. 32) He takes on a broader view of war, which encompasses not just military means, but diplomatic, economic and psychological means as well. (Handel, p.19)Keeping in mind his broader perspective on how to wage war, Sun Tzus primary concern is at the highest levels of politics and strategy. As opposed to Clausewitzs operational level of analysis, Sun Tzus objectives lie on strategic planes. His focus is one winning the war before the war is fought since he believes the force should be used only as a last resort and that the ideal victory is to win without fighting. (Handel, p.19)Sun Tzus Center of GravityAccordingly, Sun Tzu views the enemys plans and strategy as the critical strategic objectives. Because his disdain for the use of force, epitomized in his statement that, to win one hundred victories in one hundred battles is not the acme of skill. To subdue the enemy without fighting is the acme of skill. (Sun Tzu, p. 77), he obtains these objectives through non-military means such as diplomacy and deception. His main concern is the defeat of the enemy before fighting begins.In keeping with his theme of non-violent methods, S...
