ded into two categories: submergent and emergent coasts. Submergent coastlines result from a general sea-level rise and crustal subsidence. Most of the eastern United States has submergent coastlines. One example is the Chesapeake Bay. Emergent coastlines result from the land being lifted, either by tectonic activity or rebound from the weight of heavy glaciers, which exposes the former sea bottom bit by bit forming continuously new shoreline. A characteristic feature of emergent coasts are marine terraces, formed by tectonic uplift moves the land upward in short bursts, which are them worn by wave action into relatively flat surfaces. Secondary coasts are caused by the action of the sea or by creatures that live in it. Sea cliffs, barrier islands, mud flats, coral reefs, mangrove coasts and salt marshes are all examples of secondary coastlines. While most of the eastern United States is considered submergent, a great deal of the coastline formed between submergent features is secondary, such as marshes, mangroves, sand beaches, and islands. Large portions of the US Pacific coast are secondary as well, with eroded headlands and wave terraces. In this laboratory we will be given eleven topographical maps of different areas where we will have to identify the type of coast by the features of the area. Features that will help us identify the coast will include spits, tombolos, pocket beaches, barriers, estuaries, islands, lagoons, tidal flats, drumlins and kettles....
