rtheless, when in 1624 he again visited Rome, he met with what is described as "a noble and generous reception". The pope now reigning, Urban VIII, had, been his friend and had opposed his condemnation in 1616. He conferred on his visitor a pension, to which as a foreigner in Rome Galileo had no claim, and which, says Brewster, must be regarded as an endowment of Science itself. But to Galileo's disappointment Urban would not annul the former judgment of the Inquisition.After his return to Florence, Galileo set himself to compose the work that revived and aggravated all former animosities, namely a dialogue in which a Ptolemist is utterly routed and confounded by two Copernicans. This was published in 1632, and, being plainly inconsistent with his former promise, was taken by the Roman authorities as a direct challenge. He was therefore again cited before the Inquisition, and again failed to display the courage of his opinions, declaring that since his former trial in 1616 he had never held the Copernican theory. Such a declaration, naturally was not taken very seriously, and in spite of it he was condemned as "vehemently suspected of heresy" to incarceration at the pleasure of the tribunal and to recite the Seven Penitential Psalms once a week for three years. Under the sentence of imprisonment Galileo remained till his death in 1642. At the end of his trial, as Galileo rose from his knees after renouncing the motion of the earth he said, "E pur si muove." (It does move.) This last assertion of this great astronomer serves as fitting epigraph of his discovery-filled life, and of the struggle for truth and science that pervaded the second half of his life....
