erline hemophiliac. The bioprosthetic valves may be either human tissue or animal tissue from pigs or cows. The rate of success of heart valve surgery is high. The death rate varies depending on heart valve, which averages two to three percent. Approximately two out of three patients who receive artificial mitral valve are still alive years after surgery (WebMD, 1-3). An article published in the Journal of the American Dental Association explains the American Heart Association has listed prosthetic cardiac valves in the high-risk category for bacterial endocarditis during invasive dental procedures and requires the patient premedicate before treatment (Rothwell and Tong, 369).Hip replacement surgery, also called arthroplasty, is one of the most successful operations available for orthopedic surgeons. The goal of hip replacement surgery is to remove the diseased parts that cause pain and improve function the hip joint. One of the most common reasons people have hip surgery is due to the wearing down of hip joint that results in osteoarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis, Avascular Necrosis, injury or bone tumors. These conditions may lead to the breakdown of the hip joint. The usual hospital stay for hip replacement surgery is approximately three to five days. The procedure itself takes two to four hours. During hip replacement, the disease bone tissue and cartilage are removed. The surgeon replaces the head of the femur (the ball) and the acetabulum (the socket) with new artificial parts. Sometimes the surgeon uses special glue or cement, to bond the new parts of the joint to the existing healthy bone. This is known as a cemented procedure. In an uncemented procedure, the artificial parts are made of porous material that allows the patients bone to grow into the pores and hold the new parts in place. According to the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons approximately one hundred and twenty thousand hip replacement operations are p...
