n the North Sea later. A further example is the "Fisheries Jurisdiction" case between the UK and Iceland (1974). In this case, the ICJ contributed to the development of the Law of the Sea in that it advocated the Conservation of the 'living resources of the sea". It was also effective in the territorial cases, which included the small group of uninhabited islands in the channel islands (Minquier and Ecrehou islands), disputed by UK and France. One longstanding dispute between Nicaragua and Honduras since 1906, concerning villages on their border and a dispute over the sovereignty Preah Vihear temple by Cambodia and Thailand which was found to be in Cambodian territory. More recently, the ICJ resolved a border clash between Burkina Faso and Mali in the 1986 "Frontier Dispute" Case. It also ruled on two pieces of land disputed by Belgium and Holland which was found to be Belgium's. However the ICJ is noted for its failures to successfully resolve inter-state disputes. To date there are more than 30 unresolved frontier cases concerning land of greater value, which has never been submitted to the ICJ, because one party's claim is not on legal grounds. In some cases, like the above, one or more of the involved parties refuse to accept the jurisdiction of the court, thus resulting in the court being ineffective. For example the aircraft incidents between the US and USSR in respect of aircraft shot down off Japan and one forced down in Hungry, here both parties refused ICJ jurisdiction. In 1955 Israel, US and the UK brought a case against Bulgaria for the shooting down of an Israeli civilian aircraft over its territory. Bulgaria rejected ICJ jurisdiction. The Courts hands were tied. Another example of the ICJ's ineffectiveness was in 1960 when Ethiopia and Liberia brought a case to the ICJ claiming that South Africa had violated the human rights of the natives of Namibia, which had been a ma...
