onal community. There are many solutions if aggression is caused by states such as North Korea and Iran who are acquiring nuclear capabilities. The international community can choose to implement collective security. Any “unlawful aggression” by one state (e.g. North Korea) will be meet by collective action against the aggressor. One of the keys to a successful collective security is that the states involved must have confidence and commitment to universalism. Collective deterrence has proven to work during the period of Long Peace from 1945 – 1989. Analogously, many major principles that were established during the Long Peace can be applied in the NMD scenario. 1) The role of nuclear deterrence – the mere threat of nuclear weapons can dampen conflicts; 2) Reconnaissance Revolution – states knows more about each other today than they do in the 1960’s due to reconnaissance and espionage, states are less likely to start a war if they know there is a strong opposition against them in the international community; 3) Economic Liberalism – economic trades have established stronger relationships between states, thus providing a stronger allies system in the international community.In recent years, terrorists have bombed the World Trade Center in New York, the Oklahoma Federal Building, and American Embassies overseas. The possibility of a missile attack is minute compared to the possibility of terrorist attack. No one denies the threat of a missile strike does not exist, but it is just not probable.Even if the U.S. is engaged in a war with one of these “rogue states”, the Gulf War demonstrates how these potential threats can be rather harmless. In 1990, the international community publicly announced to Iraq that any use of a weapon of mass destruction would result in an equal response by the United States. Iraq undoubtedly had numerous chemical and biological weapons in their ar...
