its of folate on the heart.Low levels of folate during pregnancy are common without supplements; deficiencies at that time increase the risk of neural tube defects in newborns. Women who are planning to be pregnant should take 400 mcg of folic acid before conception as well as when they are pregnant or breast feeding. Folate deficiency can cause megaloblastic anemia and affect concentration and memory and may cause hearing loss. As with vitamins B6 and B12, deficiencies also elevate homocysteine, and recent studies are suggesting a strong link between low folate levels and the onset of heart disease. Poor diet coupled with alcoholism is the most common cause of folate deficiency. Any condition that disturbs the small intestine can contribute to folate deficiency. High-dose aspirin, smoking, treatment for seizures, and oral contraceptives may increase the risk for folate deficiency. Some studies have reported a link between high doses and central nervous system disorders, zinc deficiency, and seizures in epileptics. This risk appears to be low, but these results indicate that megadoses of folic acid should be avoided. High amounts in the elderly may also mask symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiencies.Deficiencies and Toxicity of CholineCholine has recently been recognized as an important B vitamin. It is particularly essential for fetal brain development and for learning and memory. Peanuts, eggs, cauliflower, and meats, especially liver, are good sources of choline. Recommended daily doses are 425 mg for nonpregnant women, 450 mg for pregnant women, and 550 mg for nursing women. Excessive doses can cause intestinal problems, and there is also some concern that high doses can be carcinogenic....
