many Norwegian scientists began to suspect that it was not solely the acid in the water that was causing the fish kills. They proved that most fish could survive in a stream that had up to a 1-unit difference in pH. After many experiments and research, the scientists came to the conclusion that aluminum was to blame (Howells, 1990, p.123). Aluminum is one of the most common metals on Earth. It is stored in a combined form with other elements. When combined it cannot be dissolved into water and harm fish or plants. However the acid from acidic rain can easily dissolve the bond between these elements. The aluminum is then dissolved into a more soluble state by the acid. Other metals such as copper (Cu), iron (Fe) as well as others can cause similar effects to the fish as well. However, aluminum is the most common culprit. For example: CuO + H2SO4 --- CuSO4 + H2O (Howells 124). In this form the aluminum is easily absorbed into the water. When it comes in contact wit fish it causes irritation of the gills. In response, the fish creates a film of mucus encasing the gills in order to stop the irritation. If the aluminum does not go away the fish will continue to build this layer of mucus to counteract it. Eventually, the amount of mucus gets so high that it ends up clogging the gills so that the fish can no longer breathe. Scientists now see acid, aluminum, and the lack of calcium as three determining factors in the extinction of fish (Howells, 1990, p.124). Chlorine's Role: Just as aluminum is a major problem, the leeching of chlorine is also a threat. Chlorine is commonly found in the soil in many parts of the world. If it enters the fish's environment it can be deadly. It affects many of the fish's organs and causes the fish to die. The chloride bonds with sodium, which in part interferes with, the photosynthesis process in plants. NaOH + HCL -- NaCL + H2O (Howells, 1990, p.124). Appearance:Acidic lakes are deceivin...
