he five-year survival rate for breast cancer found before it has spread outside the breast is 97%. The five-year survival rate for all breast cancers, including those found after they've spread throughout the body, is somewhat lower, at 85%. Efforts to improve conventional mammography include digital mammography, where computers assist in the interpretation of the x-rays. Other studies are aimed at developing teleradiology, sending x-rays electronically, for long-distance clinical consultations. A non-X-ray based technology under development is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).In addition to imaging technologies, NCI-supported scientists are exploring methods to detect markers of breast cancer in blood, urine, or nipple aspirates that may serve as early warning signals for breast cancer.A screening mammogram is an x-ray of the breast used to detect breast changes in women who have no signs of breast cancer. It usually involves two x-rays of each breast. Using a mammogram, it is possible to detect a tumor that cannot be felt.A diagnostic mammogram is an x-ray of the breast used to diagnose unusual breast changes, such as a lump, pain, nipple thickening or discharge, or a change in breast size or shape. A diagnostic mammogram is also used to evaluate abnormalities detected on a screening mammogram. It is a basic medical tool and is appropriate in the workup of breast changes, regardless of a woman's age.A mammogram is merely a conventional X-ray that implements equipment designed to scan a highly specific area: the breast tissue. The procedure is performed by placing the breast between two plates and applying pressure to ensure a clear picture. The area of compression is a very sensitive area and thus the pressure is found by the majority of women who undergo the test to be very uncomfortable. The test only lasts a few minutes however in many cases, post-test bruising is reported. Two x-rays are taken of each breast, one from the top ...
