extreme cold temperature grow winter buds on trees and shrubs which protect the growing part if the plant from freezing.Plants such as the orchids cover their aerial roots with a thick whitish layer of cells (vela men), which holds available water. Many trees and shrubs shed their leaves during summer when temperature is high to reduce the rate of transpiration.Water: Increase of water to a certain point may increase the rate of photosynthesis. Sufficient supply of water provides more favorable conditions for photosynthesis. Therefore greatly increasing the rate of growth. Too much water for most common plants may clog the roots preventing aeriation of the roots thus cause rotting death. Some plants grow only under water while others do best with little water e.g. the orchids.Adaptations:1)Plants growing in dry areas develop very long roots which grow deep in search of water below the water table level.2) Many plants shed their leaves during prolonged drought.3)Some plants such as thorn tree modify their leaves in thorns.4)Development of smaller leaves during water shortages and larger ones when water is available.5)Storage of water in the stem, roots and or leaves when water is scarce.6)Developing large leaves to help the plant to bloat. E.g. water hyacinth. 7)Forming a network roots for support e.g. mangrove tree.Armosphere (CO2 AND O2)An increase in CO2 is hardly noticed until it is 20 – 30 times the normal amounts, during which the rate of photosynthesis noticeably changes. On the other hand, plant denied of CO2 cannot carry out photosynthesis and therefore yellows and dies.One point to be noted is that increase in CO2 affects the temperature, which also affects the plants as we discussed.The effects of environment on aerobic respiration:Temperature: Low temperature increases the rate of respiration. This is because the body has to make more energy ATP to heat it up and prevent freezing.High temperature has no direct effec...
