Chapter 9: Realistic Group Conflict and Prejudice Michael Platow (LaTrobe University) and Jackie Hunter (University of Otago) This chapter will examine the theory of realistic group conflict and the contributions it has made to understanding prejudice and intergroup behaviour (Campbell, 1965; Sherif, 1966). From this perspective, negative attitudes and prejudice arise when groups compete for scarce resources and their interests are incompatible (e.g., one group gains and the other group loses). However, tolerance and fairness prevail in situations in which group interests are compatible and complementary (e.g., one group gains only with the assistance of another group). This analysis of prejudice has currency in economics, sociology and other social science disciplines. The strengths, limitations and variations on realistic group conflict theory will be discussed and evaluated.The causes intergroup conflictThe historical antecedents of prejudice are not always the same as the forces that sustain prejudice in the present.The removal of the original causes of prejudice is not always enough to eliminate prejudice.Realistic Conflict Theory (Sherif):Groups become prejudiced toward one another because they are in competition for material resources and/or political power.Robber's Cave Experiment (Sherif & Sherif, 1954)Boy's camp at Robber's Cave State ParkParticipants: 20 boys, 11-12 years oldNone new each other prior to studyThree phases, 1 week eachPhase IAt first groups were separated, no knowledge of each other. Normal camp activitiesIngroup identity creation: each group developed norms, leaders emerged, the "Rattlers" and "Eagles"Phase IIGroups aware of one another.At first, no conflict.Competition introduced.Prizes: pocket knife, medal, cashEffect of competition-*Intergroup conflictName calling "pig, cheater"Saw own group positively "We're brave"And outgroup negatively "They are sneaky, stinkers"Seizing and burning other team's flagCab...
