anism and Kant in it. If these theories are invoked, though, a duty to care or a greatest utility resulting from care dimension is also part of the equation. This pokes holes in Rigterink's interpretation of his findings (Barcalow, p.201). Perhaps one of the best illustrations of care based moral perspective results from the tests of Rita Manning. She found Gilligan's supporting evidence "primarily anecdotal and impressionistic" (Manning, 34). Manning uses a series of examples to illustrate the difference between a justice and care approach to moral decision making. One series is based on Aesop's Fables. In it, a group of moles has worked on a comfortable burrow for the whole summer. When winter's cold begins to creep in, a porcupine begs to join them for the winter. If they let the porcupine in, they will be less comfortable, have less room to move around, and the sharp porcupine quills will poke them. In the first scenario, the porcupine is homeless as a result of his laziness and ill planning. He simply did not bother to build a shelter for the approaching winter. In the next situation, the porcupine is without refuge because his burrow was destroyed by no fault of his own. In the last set of circumstances, the porcupine will surely die if he is not invited to stay with the moles for the duration of the winter season (Manning, 35). After outlining these situations, she asked her students what the moles should do. She classified responses into categories; virtues, principles, reciprocity, self-interest, and care (Manning, 44).At first Manning left out the care category, citing the supporting replies as non-responsive. At first, the responses looked as if they merely repeated themselves, stating, "We should accommodate the porcupine because we should accommodate the porcupine" (Manning, 48). After further consideration, Manning began to, "hear a voice arguing for the value of compromise and accommodation" (Manning, 48). She labeled thi...
