tal Effects Students$156.4$56.2$212.6 Faculty/Staff$23.6$6.3$29.9 ISU Institutional Purchases$23.7$9.3$33.0 Visitors to ISU$12.0$4.4$16.4 Total:$215.7$76.2$291.9 Estimated contributions for each source of expenditure are also included in the table. ISU’s 12,245 students represent the single largest proportion of impacts, with their household expenditures totaling more than $212 million in area business activity. The total stimulus of institutional purchases generates another $33 million, while the households of faculty and staff ($29 million) and campus visitors ($16 million) generate significant impacts.During 1996, Bannock County’s 73,379 residents earned $854 million in wage and salary income, while county establishments conducted $1.2 billion in retail business sales. Nonretail business added another $2 billion, yielding a gross county product value of about $3.2 billion. This perspective suggests that about 9% of the area’s economic activity is in some way connected to ISU, with nearly 75% of that amount due to the local spending of ISU students and their households. Discounting Local ResidentsA significant portion of the University-related expenditures included in Table 5 would likely continue to occur in the absence of the University. Consequently, it is realistic to discount contributions made by area residents whose households would be reasonably assumed to maintain comparable contributions to the local economy if ISU were to cease to exist.The discounting procedure adopted for purposes of this study involves a relatively straightforward estimate of the proportion of ISU students, faculty and staff who would likely remain in the Pocatello area in the absence of the university. The proportion of institutional purchases and out-of-area visitor expenditures that would occur in the absence of the university is assumed to be near zero. Based on a sur...