emotionally bound together in all-male groups that demand unqualified allegiance and emphasize physical dominance, they often express their sense of togetherness through committing acts of deviance. For example, Using self-reports collected in one university from introductory sociology students and a range of intercollegiate athletes across all four years, Koss and Gaines (1993) found that sexual assault seemed to be associated with participation in revenue-producing sports. In a whole sociologist around the world are using tests and studies in the forms of self-reports, official statistics, interview data from male athletes and coaches, ethnographic data on athletic teams and groups, along with data from focus groups composed of male athletes alone, female athletes alone, and male and female athletes together in hopes of finding helpful information pertaining to deviance in sports. Although there are no sure explanations to why male athletes are more highly engaged in acts of deviance both on and off the field than are women, it is seen that athletic boards and administrations are tightening up on the consequences or punishments athletes receive when breaking the rules. In conclusion, this paper has defined deviance by Jay J. Coakley as an act that is considered by public consensus or by the powerful at a given place and time to be a violation of some social rule. At the same time it has illustrated that deviant acts committed by athletic role models creates a negative image for the American public and that even though at this very moment in time there are no explanations of why male athletes engage in a higher rate of deviant acts than do women, sociologist are trying to piece together information in hopes of solving this mystery. The sooner we eliminate the problem of deviance both on and off the field the closer we come to restoring the idols of today and the sports of tomorrow....
