cumstances.Precipitating factors: behavior needs to be touched off by an event. This event creates, sharpens, and exaggerates other factors.Mobilization of participants for action: participants must be brought into action.Operation of social control: social control is techniques through which governing elites prevent, interrupt, deflect, and inhibit the accumulation of other determinants of collective behavior.Smelsers formulation is borrowed from the economists notion of value added. As raw ore, iron can be made into many things. Once converted into thin sheets of steel, uses are limited. Cutting further limits its uses. Each step adds value, but also cuts down on other options. Collective behavior is like this- as each successive determinant is added; the range of possible final outcomes is narrowed. Although it is from the field of economics, the logic of value-added explains the formation of collective behavior well. Particularly, he indicated that certain single empirical events or situations may be significant as several determinants of collective behavior. We can see this point is true in our history. For example, especially for panic or riot occurrence, precipitating factors operate more weighted role than others. When the police officers that had engaged in the well-publicized beating of Rodney King were acquitted, a riot erupted in Los Angeles. Even though other determinants like structural conduciveness or strain had been long recognized as social problem, the Rodney King beating was the most important factor to trigger this tragic event in the U.S. history. Collective behavior needs both a social environmental context and a stimulus or trigger. More often than not, the context is one in which there is an underlying anxiety and ambiguity.With combining the logic of value-added and the determinants of collective behavior, Smelser did not clear some points in his theory. First of all, It is not clear that all of necessary cond...
