rofile to the water. For example, narrow water skis would pass through water more efficiently than a wider water ski. The narrow water ski pushes less water aside than the wider skis. Second example to reduce drag is the streamlined position. To feel the difference, push off from the wall of the pool and try gliding in various positions: streamlined, with your arms out to the sides, and with your knees flexed. As you increase the surface area the water must pass around, you increase from drag and cannot glide as far. Wave drag is resistance caused by water turbulence. Wave drag also occurs during speed of the swimmer. The faster the swimmer swims the faster the wave drag occurs in the pool. A swimmer can reduce wave drag by smooth process of strokes but one must not use splashing arm entries to reduce wave drag. On the other hand, swimmers can create wave drag; thus, lane lines have been created to reduce drag. A frictional drag is the resistance caused by the surface texture of the body as it moves through the water. For example, to reduce frictional drag competitive swimmers shave their body hairs to reduce frictional drag. This method is thought to increase the speed of swimmers and reduce frictional drag.Lift is a force produced perpendicular to the flow of a fluid. It is predicted by Bernoulli's equation for any obstacle which compresses streamlines at one boundary and compresses them on the opposite one, resulting in a difference in pressures which causes the lift force. Doc "Counsilman's lift theory promoted the use of curvilinear motions to produce propulsion. In the lift model, the hand formed an airplane-type wing that, when moved sideways to the direction of travel, created lift" (Adams, 2000). " 'The choice between Bernoulli's or Newton's model in predicting dynamic lift,' lay bare the arguments supporting lift as the primary or even a significant force in swimming. (Ernie) Maglischo is now reconsidering li...
