in that situation (Roberts, 1976). Self-confidence is an extremely important skill learned through sport that is detrimental to the well being of individuals throughout life. A study done showed that greater precollege sport participation predicted higher self-esteem (Richman). They foster positive body images, enhance perceptions of physical competence, and more flexible gender identities, which in turn, predict higher self esteem. As athletes become competitive and earn rewards for their efforts, at any level, it places in them a desire to become better. This encouragement builds greater self-image (Thomas, 155). It is important that each individual athlete believes in himself and knows that he is capable of performing any feat. Confidence is distinguished between successful and less successful performers. In a study done by Mahoney and Avener in 1977, 13 gymnasts involved in the final trial for the 1976 United States Olympic team were questioned and administered for 48 hours before the trial competition. In comparing he data of those who qualified with those who did not qualify for the team, the questionnaire data showed that the qualifiers tended to be more self-confident. Mahoney, and Avener also reported a higher frequency of gymnastic performance-related dreams among the successful gymnasts, within which they tended to see themselves being successful. One of the most important skills learned through sport is that of motivation. To say that elite performers must be highly motivated is a statement of the obvious. However, extremely high levels of motivation may be necessary to repeatedly produce the kind of high quality training sessions that are required for elite performance (Hardy and Parfitt, 1994). There are several factors involved in the motivation process. As for the younger aged athlete, motivations can include those such as school or even family obligations. Along with the incentives of winning games or placing in a sport...
