computerized techniques which have since played a major role in both ESP and PK testing, and have produced significant PK test results.Schmidt was also interested in determining animal-PK. In tests animal produced some positive results, but Schmidt found the interpretation difficult. He theorized that the experimenter could influenced the results by using his own PK upon the experimental subjects. His theory has been proven accurate because this has been determined to be an obstacle in all psi-testing of animals. It is virtually impossible to tell which is exhibiting the PK ability, the animal or researcher. Because of this obstacle little has been done in animal-PK testing, but whenever such testing has occurred Schmidt's guidelines have been used.Among the most notable macro-PK exhibits was what is now called the "Geller Effect." This was during the 1960's when macro-PK experiments became popular again. The Israeli psychic Uri Geller amazed television audiences with his metal bending feats. These feats were performed in a studio and not under controlled conditions. With a few raps and some mental concentration the feats seemed to be accomplished. Geller's powers seemed to be so powerful that some viewers said some of their household objects underwent similar changes. But, Geller was unsuccessfully able to duplicate the feats under laboratory conditions. Critics, mostly professional magicians, claim Geller had used sleight-of-hand, although such claims went unproved.The Soviets revealed their most famous PK subject to the West in 1968. A housewife from Leningrad, Nina Kulagina, born in the mid-1920s demonstrated her abilities to Western scientists who observed the movements of many different sizes and types of stationary objects; the altering of the course of objects already in motion; and impressions on photographic film. She was also reported to have exerted PK effect on the heart of a frog, which had been removed from the animal. S...
