on.Early in the 1950s two important engineering discoveries changed the electronic computer field. The first computers were made with vacuum tubes, but by the late 1950s computers were being made out of transistors, which were smaller, less expensive, more reliable, and more efficient.In 1959 a physicist at the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation, invented the integrated circuit, a tiny chip of silicon that contained an entire electronic circuit. Gone was the bulky, unreliable machine. Now computers began to become more compact, more reliable and have more capacity. Memory storage capacities increased 800% in commercially available machines by the early 1960s and speeds increased by an equally large margin.A new revolution in computer hardware was now well under way, involving miniaturization of computer-logic circuitry and of component manufacture by what are called large-scale integration techniques. It was realized that scaling down the size of electronic digital computer circuits and parts would increase speed and efficiency and improve performance. About 1960 photoprinting of conductive circuit boards to eliminate wiring became highly developed. Then it became possible to build resistors and capacitors into circuitry by photographic means.These advances along with many others have advanced the computer exponentially to where it is today and it would be reasonable to assume that computer technology will continue to advance in the future. (Transition)We are now in the midst of a global information revolution driven by the convergence and proliferation of information and communication technologies. The telecommunications sector is changing at warp speed, driven by technological innovation that results in new equipment and services and also by new entrants and alliances between companies with experience in a wide range of information industries from software to publishing. Three major trends are driving these changes:1.The rapid introd...
