nd is a serious problem. TCP/IP and other devices have a problem with latency many times. When a large delay happens, the data will simply die, and not reach it’s destination. Harmonic Distortion is very specific to radio propagation. Harmonics are defined as a repetitive nonsinusoidal waveform is composed of a fundamental frequency and harmonic frequencies. Out of the fundamental frequency odd harmonics and even harmonics will be produced. For example if a 1Khz digital fundamental waveform is propagated the odd harmonics produced would be signals at 3KHz 5KHz 7KHz and so on. Even Harmonics are similar, if a 2MHz Wave is keyed you would get a 4MHz and 8MHz etc. signals transmitted as well. See Fig. 3.Beken 6 Figure 3 Harmonic Distortion Jitter is another type of distortion that commonly occurs is data transmission. Jitter is frequency oriented noise distortion. Jitter poses problems with clocking incoming signals on the receiving station, and Sync control while frequency hopping. Crosstalk is a type of distortion that occurs with analog, and sometimes digital signals when a voltage is induced on surrounding wires. Since every wire carrying electrical current has a rotating magnetic field. This can be demonstrated by the right hand rule. When holding your right hand in a fist with your thumb sticking up, your thumb shows the current flow and your fingers show the direction of the rotating magnetic field. The action of cutting a wire through lines of magnetic flux, or magnetic fields collapsing and building through another wire will cause a voltage, or current flow induced onto that wire. Since this is an Beken 7element of basic electronic theory, and could probably not be covered in this paper alone I won’t go any further. Fading is another distortion type, when a signal becomes weaker, generally due to atmospheric conditions. In some bands of the radio spectrum Tropospheric propogation is a serious fa...
